作者:王冰,宋莉,戴芳 作者单位:(南昌大学第二附属医院 口腔科,江西 南昌 330006)
【摘要】 [目的]测定牙周病相关细菌伴放线放线杆菌DNA对口腔内其他细菌性抗原的免疫应答的影响,并探讨牙周病相关细菌伴放线放线杆菌DNA作为口腔疫苗佐剂的可行性.[方法]培养牙周病相关细菌伴放线放线杆菌,并提取其DNA.将大鼠随机分为3个组,采取免疫接种法将等量的明矾缓冲液,明矾葡萄糖基转移酶缓冲液及含有伴放线放线杆菌DNA的明矾葡萄糖基转移酶缓冲液分别接种于相应组大鼠体内,分别于接种前及接种后第1,3,6周断尾采血,采用ELISA法测定血清Ig****平.[结果]第1,3,6周时,明矾葡萄糖基转移酶缓冲液组大鼠血清Ig****平与明矾缓冲液组及含伴放线杆菌DNA明矾葡萄糖基转移酶缓冲液组相比较均显著增高.[结论]牙周病相关细菌伴放线放线杆菌DNA作为佐剂减弱其他牙周病或龋病细菌抗原的宿主免疫应答,减弱疫苗的效果.
【关键词】 放线杆菌,伴放射菌;疫苗,DNA;佐剂,免疫
The feasibility study of actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans DNA as adjuvant of the oral vaccine
WANG Bing, SONG Li, DAI Fang
(Department of Stomatology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China)
ABSTRACT:OBJECTIVETo detect the effects of DNA from actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans associated with periodontal disease for the immune response to other bacterial antigens in the oral cavity, and to study the feasibility of DNA from actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans associated with periodontal disease as adjuvant of oral vaccine.METHODS Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans associated with periodontal disease was cultured and its DNA was extracted. 27 of rats were randomly divided into 3 groups, including rats were inoculated with equivalent volume of alum, alumglucosyl transferase (GTF) buffer and alumGTFactinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans DNA by immunifaction, and the blood was collected from the tail in the 0, 1, 3 and 6 weeks, and then the level of serum IgG was detected by ELISA.RESULTSAt the first, third and sixth weeks, the level of serum IgG was significantly increased in alumGTF buffer group as compared with alum group and alumGTFactinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans DNA group.CONCLUSIONThe actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans DNA associated with periodontal disease as adjuvant could attenuate the other periodontal disease or host immune response of dental caries relevant antigens and effects of vaccine.
Key words:actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans;vaccines, DNA;adjuvants, immunologic
牙周病是发病率较高的口腔疾病之一,病因为微生物、局部刺激因素所引起的直接损伤及宿主对持续存在的菌斑微生物免疫应答反应所致间接损伤的共同作用[1],主要损坏牙周支持组织,导致牙槽骨破坏和牙周附着丧失,可引起牙齿的松动甚至脱落,是造成牙缺失的主要原因.伴放线放线杆菌是近年来在牙周炎的病因学研究中较重视的细菌之一,公认与牙周炎,特别是与侵袭性牙周炎关系密切.变形链球菌是重要致龋菌,葡萄糖基转移酶(GTF)是其重要的毒力因子之一[2].为探讨牙周炎致病菌DNA是否影响龋病或牙周病疫苗抗原引起的抗体反应,本实验选取伴放线放线杆菌DNA为测试佐剂,变形链球菌GTF为测试抗原,观察了接种后不同时间大鼠血清中IgG的水平变化.
1 材料与方法
1.1 材料 实验动物取健康SD大鼠,由南昌大学医学院动物科学部提供,共为27只,鼠龄为60d,体重为200~250g.ATCC29523伴放线放线杆菌由四川大学口腔生物医学工程教育部重点实验室提供;Biospin细菌基因组DNA提取试剂盒为日本东京Bio Flux Corporation公司产品;葡萄糖基转移酶为美国SIGMA公司产品,编号为P12612MG;大鼠IgG定量EIA试剂盒为上海西塘生物科技有限公司产品.二氧化碳厌氧培养箱为浙江义乌冷冻机总厂产品;数字显示恒温水浴锅为常州澳森HH6产品;PYXDHS隔水式电热恒温培养箱为上海跃进医疗器械厂产品.
1.2 方法 将伴放线放线杆菌菌株接种至含有50g/L脱纤维羊血和10g/L氯化血红素维生素K1的脑心浸萃液态培养基中,置入充满混合气体(850mL/L氮, 100mL/L二氧化碳, 50mL/L氧)的37℃厌氧手套箱内, 96h后开箱观察菌株生长情况.按照Biospin细菌基因组DNA提取试剂盒说明书方法提取细菌DNA.将27只大鼠随机分为3个组,每组各为9只,Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ组大鼠均取大唾液腺附近,分别皮下注射给予明矾缓冲液、明矾GTF缓冲液及含有伴放线放线杆菌DNA的明矾GTF缓冲液.分别于注射前及注射后第1,3,6周通过断尾采血法获取相应大鼠的血清,利用IgG定量EIA试剂盒行ELISA测定,观察大鼠血清中Ig****平.实验数据采用单变量方差分析和SNK检验进行统计学处理.
2 结果
注射各种缓冲液前及注射后第1,3,6周各组大鼠体内Ig****平的变化见表1.由表1可见,注射前Ⅰ、Ⅱ及Ⅲ组大鼠血清Ig****平之间无显著性差异(P>0.05);注射后第1,3,6周时第Ⅱ组(明矾GTF)大鼠血清Ig****平高于第Ⅰ组,亦高于第Ⅲ组,相比较均有显著性差异(P<0.01).实验结果表明,牙周病相关细菌伴放线放线杆菌DNA作为佐剂减弱了GTF的宿主免疫应答.表1 注射前及注射后第1,3,6周各组大鼠体内Ig****平的变化
3 讨论
过去认为DNA仅具有微弱的免疫原性,难以引起机体强烈的免疫反应.20世纪80年代中期,有研究结果证实DNA可引起机体免疫反应,而随着分子生物学的发展,DNA疫苗给疫苗研究带来了新的变革,逐步显示出应用潜力.DNA疫苗可影响宿主免疫应答,可能促成机体对细菌的免疫,这种性质已被应用于龋病和牙周病疫苗研制中[37].口腔细菌DNA可能存在佐剂性质,却没有引起过多的关注.口腔内其他细菌DNA可能会影响疫苗的作用,导致提高或降低特定的抗原免疫效果.本实验结果表明,牙周病相关细菌伴放线放线杆菌DNA作为佐剂减弱了GTF的宿主免疫应答,由此推测牙周病相关细菌伴放线放线杆菌DNA作为佐剂有可能减弱其他牙周病或龋病细菌抗原的宿主免疫应答.虽然无证据说明这种影响是由GTF特异性引发,但为将细菌伴放线放线杆菌DNA作为疫苗佐剂的研究提供了实验依据.
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