摘　要：目的:通过上颌恒磨牙近颊根与髓底参数的测量研究寻找近颊根(MB2)根管定位的方法,为上颌磨牙四边形髓腔入口的制备提供依据.方法:选取新鲜拔除的上颌第一恒磨牙36颗,沿髓底平面截除牙冠,测量髓底参数,记录近中颊根根面外形,于MB1与MB2根管中插针示折摄X-线片,记录根管分型,将所得资料进行统计学分析.结果:上颌第一恒磨牙近颊根根管分型与根形相适应:2-1型根管的近颊根多为扁斜根(85.71%),2-2型根管的近颊根多为宽扁根(80%).MB1-MB2根管口距离在1～3 mm之间,平均距离为1.93 mm.2-1型与2-2型根管其MB1与MB2根管口的平均距离无显著性差异(P>0.05).MB1与MB2根管口至近颊根近中根面颈缘的垂直距离无显著性差异(P>0.05).结论:临床医生可采用改进的四边形髓腔入口,在MB1根管口的腭侧、近中方向距MB1根管口1～3 mm

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