综上所述，烟草中有害物质对牙龈成纤维细胞有破坏作用，此作用的大小与时间、浓度呈正相关。体内环境下，烟草中有害物质对牙龈组织的血流量、氧分压、机体免疫系统都有重要影响。要揭示体内环境烟草有害物质对牙龈成纤维细胞的影响，还待进一步的研究。

　　【参考文献】

　　[1] Lambert PM, Morris HF, Ochi S. The influence of smoking on 3-year clinical success of osseointegrated dental implants[J]. Ann Periodontol,2000,5(1):79.

　　[2] Hanes PJ,Schuster GS, Lubas S. Binding, uptake, and release of nicotine by human gingival fibroblasts[J]. J Periodontol,1991,62(2):147.

　　[3] Tanur E, McQuade MJ, McPherson JC，et al. Effects of nicotine on the strength of attachment of gingival fibroblasts to glass and non-diseased human root surfaces[J]. J Periodontol,2000,71(5):717.

　　[4] Poggi P, Rota MT, Boratto R. The volatile fraction of cigarette smoke induces alterations in human gingival fibroblast cytoskeleton[J]. J Periodont Res,2002,37(3):230.

　　[5] Giannopoulou C, Roehrich N, Monabelli A. Effect nicotine-treated epithelial cells on the proliferation and collagen production of gingival fibroblasts[J]. J Clin Periodontal, 2001,28(8):769.

　　[6] Ho YC, Chang YC. Regulation of nicotine-induced cyclooxygenase-2 protein expression in human gingival fibroblasts[J]. Acta Pharmacol Sin,2006,27(4):409.

　　[7] Zhou J, Olson BL, Windsor LJ. Nicotine increases the collagen-degrading ability of human gingival fibroblasts[J].J Periodont Res,2007,42(3):228.

　　[8] Austin GW, Cuenin MF, Hokett SD，et al. Effect of nicotine on fibroblast beta 1 integrin expression and distribution in vitro[J]. J Periodontal,2001,72(4):438.

　　[9] Almasri A, Wisithphrom K, Windsor LJ，et al. Nicotine and lipopolysaccharide affect cytokine expression from gingival fibroblasts[J]. J Periodontol,2007,78(3):533.

　　[10] Katz J, Caudle RM, Bhattacharyyal et al. Receptor for advanced glycation end product (RAGE) upregulation in human gingival fibroblasts incubated with nornicotine[J].J Periodontol,2005,76(7):1171.

　　[11] Fang Y, Svoboda KK. Nicotine inhibits human gingival fibroblast via modulation of Rac signalling pathways[J]. J Clin Periodontol,2005,32(12):1200.

　　[12] Wong LS, Martins-Green M. Firsthand cigarette smoke alters fibroblast migration and survival: implications for impaired healing[J]. Wound Repair and Regeneration, 2004,12(4):471.

　　[13] Argentin G, Cicchetti R. Genotoxic and antiapoptotic effect of nicotine on human gingival fibroblasts[J]. Toxicol Sci,2004,79(1):75.