[Abstract]Keratins are the main components of intermediate filament protein, they mostly express in epithelia. Different keratins(K1 to K19)are classified according to their molecular weight and isoelectric point. They can be divided into two subfamilies: type I keratins are acidic and relatively small(40-56.5KD);type II basic or neutral and larger(53-67KD).Each epithelial cell express specific
pairs of type I and type II keratins. They have tissue-specific and differentiation-specific. Recent studies have shown that keratins changes in various oral mucosa disease, odontogenic cysts and tumors.The changes in some sense are of significant in diagnosis.Keratins have a number of distinct advantages for use as marker proteins. They are abundent, very stable and highly antigenic. Recently, several monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies, specific for a few keratin subclasses were made. The techniques of detection of keratin changes were used widely. This review also presents some approaches of identification of keratins。
细胞角蛋白(Cytokeratins)是一种中间丝蛋白，主要表达于上皮细胞，有很高程度的组织特异性和分化特异性。在人类上皮中共发现19种角蛋白多肽。根据它们的分子量和等电点分为两型：I型为酸性，分子量40～56.5KD，等电点≤5.5，包括CK9～CK20；II为中性或碱性，分子量53～67KD，包括CK1～CK8的角蛋白多肽。大多数角蛋白的编码基因已被分离、克隆和系列化，它们大多数是单克隆基因。人类I型和II型角蛋白多肽的编码基因分别位于第17号和第12号染色体上。每种角蛋白多肽由一个基因编码。通常CK在上皮中以"角蛋白对"的形式表达，一个I型角蛋白和一个II型角蛋白结合。角蛋白表达的组织特异性和分化特异性，以及在各种不同的口腔疾病中角蛋白表达的变化具有诊断意义。同时角蛋白有许多优点作为标记蛋白，它的数量多，稳定性好并有高抗原性，角蛋白抗体因此被广泛应用作为
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