考研英语词汇运用试题解析-1

Say the word bacteria, and most folks --1--- images of a nasty germ like staphylococcus or salmonella that can make you really sick. But most bacteria aren't bad for you. In fact, --2--- extra amounts of some bacteria can actually promote good health. These beneficial bacteria are available without a prescription in drug and health-food stores and in foods like yogurt.

So far, the best results have been seen in the treatment of diarrhea, particularly in children. But researchers are also looking into the possibility that beneficial bacteria may thwart vaginal infections in women, prevent some food allergies in children and --3--- symptoms of Crohn' s disease, a relatively rare but painful gastrointestinal disorder.

So where have these good germs been lurking all your life? In your intestines, especially the lower section called the colon, which harbors at least 400 species of bacteria. Which ones you have depends largely on your environment and diet. An abundance of good bacteria in the colon generally ---4-- stray bad bacteria in your food. But if the bad outnumber the good-for example, after antibiotic treatment for a sinus or an ear infection, which kills normal intestinal germs as well-the result can be diarrhea.

For generations, people have ---5-- the balance by eating yogurt, buttermilk or other products made from ---6-- milk. But nowadays, you can also down a few pills that contain freeze-dried germs. These preparations are called probiotics to distinguish them from.antibiotics. Unfortunately, you can't always be sure that the bacteria in the products you buy are the same strains as those listed on the label or even that they' re still alive. Probiotics are usually ---7--- to both heat and moisture. Among the most promising and most ---8--- researched probiotics is the GG strain of Lactobacillus, discovered by Dr. Sherwood Gorbach and biochemist Barry Goldin, both at Tufts University School of Medicine. L-GG, as it' s called, has been used to treat traveler' s diarrhea and ---9--- upsets caused by antibiotics. Even more intriguing, L-GG also seems to work against some viruses, including rotavirus, one of the most common causes of diarrhea in children in the U. S. and around the world. Here the effect is indirect. Somehow L-GG jump-starts the immune system into recognizing the threat posed by the virus.
Pediatricians at Johns Hopkins are studying a different bug, the Bb-12 strain of Bifidobacterium, which was ---10--- by researchers at CHR Hansen Biosystems. Like L-GG, Bb-12 stimulates the immune system. For reasons that are not clear, infants who are breast-fed have large amounts of bifidobacteria in their intestines. They also have fewer intestinal upsets. Dr. Jose Saavedra and colleagues at Hopkins have shown that Bb-12 prevents several types of diarrhea, including that caused by rotavims, in hospitalized infants as young as four months. It has also been used to cure diarrhea in children of all ages.

1),
A)come up
B)conjure up
C)come upon
D)count up


2),
A)annihilating
B)depleting
C)consuming
D)expending

3),
A)wane
B)impair
C)decrease
D)lessen


4),
A)crowds out
B)count out
C)play out
D)put out


5),
A)compensated
B)repaired
C)restored
D)mended

6),
A)transformed
B)fermented
C)molded
D)metamorphosed


7),
A)frantic
B)nerved
C)squeamish
D)sensitive


8),
A)wholesomely
B)wholly
C)thoroughly
D)entirely




9),
A)stomachic
B)intestinal
C)splenic
D)





10),
A)discovered
B)discoursed
C)discreated
D)discriminated




1)

[B]

分析固定搭配的意思

A)come up
⑴ 前来,接近,临近
⑵ 上来,上升; 上楼
⑶ 到北方来,北上

B)conjure up
使…出现于脑海中,想像出

C)come upon
⑴ 偶然遇见…,碰见…
⑵ 突然想起…
⑶ 突袭…

D)count up
把…数完,把…合计起来

解：语意分析：

一提到细菌，一些不好的想象就回浮现在脑中....




2)

[C]

A)annihilating
消灭,废止

B)depleting
耗尽,使衰竭

C)consuming
消耗

D)expending
花费,消耗,支出


解：单词词义分析：

只有consuming消耗，符合句意




3)


解：


[D]

A)wane
变小,亏缺,衰落,退潮,消逝

B)impair
损害,减少,削弱

C)decrease
减少,减少之量

D)lessen
减少,缩小,减轻

解：根据上下文意思推断，




4)

解：


[A]

A)crowds out
将…挤出,排除,驱逐

B)count out
不把…算入,把…除外

C)play out
把…演完; 结束

D)put out
熄灭 ,扑灭; 丧失


解：上下文分析：

好的细菌排挤坏细菌





5)


[C]

A)compensated
偿还,补偿,付报酬

B)repaired
修理,修补,补偿,恢复,补救

C)restored
回复,恢复,修复,修补

D)mended
修改,改进,加快,修理


解：
people have restored the balance by.......

句意分析：人们依靠酸奶等食物恢复体内细菌平衡...



6)[B]

A)transformed
转换,改变,改造,使...变形

B)fermented
发酵的,

C)molded
发霉,形成,塑造

D)metamorphosed

变形,变态,变成

解：
分析单词意思有 fermented milk 发酵的牛奶




7)

[D]

A)frantic
狂乱的,疯狂的

B)nerved
神经…的

C)squeamish
神经质的,过于拘谨的,洁癖的,,


D)sensitive
敏感的,易感的,灵敏的,感光的


解：
应用单词词义排除
sensitive to both heat and moisture
对湿，热敏感



8)


[C]

A)wholesomely
卫生地, 有益健康地

B)wholly
整个地,统统地,全部地

C)thoroughly
1 完全地,彻底地
2 严密地; 准确地

D)entirely
完全地,全然地,一概地


解：most thoroughly researched
意思是：研究最彻底的




9)

[B]

A)stomachic
胃的,健胃的,

B)intestinal
肠的,肠内的,内部的

C)splenic
脾脏的,脾的

D)pulmonic
肺的,肺炎的


解：根据对全文的通篇分析可以明显的分析出是：肠的



10)
[A]

A)discovered
发现,找到

B)discoursed
谈论,演说

C)discreated
消灭; 催毁

D)discriminated
差别,岐视


解：分析上下文，
the Bb-12 strain of Bifidobacterium，....一定是被发现